The Island San Juan Bautista - 825 Words

ïÆ'Ëœ Latitude Longitude: 18.2208 degrees N, 66.5901 degrees W ïÆ'Ëœ Discovery date: On Nov. 19, 1493, Christopher Columbus discovered PR. Initially he called the island San Juan Bautista. After discovering gold nuggets in the river, it was renamed Puerto Rico. ïÆ'Ëœ Size: About 3,435 square miles ïÆ'Ëœ Population: Currently 3,679,580 (based on the latest United Nations estimates) ïÆ'Ëœ Capital: San Juan ïÆ'Ëœ Economic mainstay: Sugar production until the 1940s. Manufacturing and tourism have become the main economic activity and source of income. Manufacturing composes about 46% of the GDP of the island. ïÆ'Ëœ Revolution: PR was a domain of Spain until the Spanish-American War, when the U.S. raided the island. In 1898, under the Treaty of Paris Spain†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Family- The Taino Indians had sturdy familial ties and related families lived together. They lived in very organized kingdoms and small villages, their order was decided by the chiefs. The Taino’s appearance was bronze-colored, average height, dark, flowing coarse hair, and dark and slightly oblique dark eyes. The men were typically naked or sported a breech cloth called nagua. Single women walked around naked, while married women wore an apron made of cotton or palm fibers to cover their genitalia. The length of the apron determined their rank size. The Taino culture was a polygamous one. The male cacique as the leader was permitted to have more wives than the other men in the villages. A woman whom was married to a cacique was considered a great honor. †¢ Church- Among the Taino community, there was a hierarchy of creators. The Yocahu was the highest creator. Jurakan was constantly angry and governed the power of the hurricane. Other Gods were the Zemi and Maboya. The Zemis was a God of both sexes and it was characterized by images of human and animal figures. The Taino’s thought that by being in the good graces of their zemis, they were sheltered from disease, hurricanes, or war disasters. As an offering, they would prepared cassava bread. The Maboyas were nocturnal Gods that ruined crops and were feared among the Tainos. Thus, they offered detailed contributions to satisfy him. †¢ Polity-Show MoreRelatedMy Final Culture Project : Puerto Rico1233 Words   |  5 PagesFor my final culture project, I decided to take a trip to the beautiful island of Puerto Rico. Puerto Rico is a commonwealth of the United States, therefore, passports are not needed when traveling to and from the island. It is located in the northeastern Caribbean Sea and sits east of the Dominican Republic and West if the U.S. Virgin Islands. Spanish is the primary language in Puerto Rico, however, most Puerto Ricans almost speak English. These two languages are both official languages of PuertoRead MoreBiography on Juan Ponce de Leon998 Words   |  4 PagesAlthough Juan Ponce De Leon’s date of birth isn’t certain he was most likely born in 1474, he was born into a noble Spanish family and he was the son of a military hero. Juan Ponce De Leon was born in Santervas De Campos in Castilla which is now known as Spain. In his youth he spent his time working as a Page for a Spa nish Knight. As a Page he cleaned his Knights clothing, cared for his weapons and tended to his horses. In return he was taught a code of honor and learned the way in which he couldRead MoreThe Life of Juan Ponce de Leon548 Words   |  2 Pages Have you ever heard of Juan Ponce de Leon? Rumor has it he was searching for the mythical ‘’fountain of youth’’, but historians suggest otherwise. There are no surviving documents saying that Juan Ponce de Leon was searching for the fountain of youth. 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The divisions within Northern Ireland society have as much to do with class as religion or nationality Free Essays

The history of Northern Ireland, a state created in 1921, has not been a peaceful one, and the study of the country has been as turbulent – it could be said that there is a ‘meta-conflict’; a conflict about the conflict. The causes of these troubles are varied, and it is far too simplistic to reduce it to just a religious one – although the Protestant faith is now synonymous with unionism, and Catholicism with nationalism, there are in fact many reasons for the divisions within the society. The conflict has become one of national identity, class and political and economic equality, as well as, some have argued, culture. We will write a custom essay sample on The divisions within Northern Ireland society have as much to do with class as religion or nationality or any similar topic only for you Order Now These are all endogenous, i. e. internal, explanations for the fractious nature of Northern Irish life in recent decades, but others have placed the blame on external – exogenous – sources, claiming the behaviour of Great Britain or Ireland (or both) are responsible for the current situation. The roots of these divisions are buried under centuries of conflict, betrayal and mistrust, and, whilst religion played an important part, it was part of a wider economic and political battle. It is important to take these into account, but one of the problems facing Northern Ireland is the sheer amount of unresolved history that underlies every movement and decision. This essay will therefore take the recent ‘Troubles’ as its main focus; that is, the causes and effects of the collapse of the Stormont assembly on 24th March 1972 and the imposition of Direct Rule by Westminster, ending in 1998 with the Good Friday Agreement. Whilst this tentative agreement has by no means brought a complete halt to the violence and divisions in Northern Ireland, there was considerable hope, that has not yet proved to have been completely unfounded, that it would signify the beginning of the end. Northern Ireland had the second highest church attendance in Western Europe after the Republic of Ireland, with 95% of Catholics and 45% of Protestants attending church on a weekly basis in 1969 and there can be no denying the fact that the divisions within Northern Irish society have been given religious labels – on a superficial level at least it is a battle between Catholics and Protestants. If this is so, then it is not unreasonable question to ask just which of the two is principally at fault. Patrick Buckland is just one who feels that it is the Protestant community who see the conflict in religious terms, claiming â€Å"For Catholics the problem was largely political; for Protestants largely religious†. They feared the resources and the power of the Roman Catholic church, with 69% of Belfast Protestants in 1994 believing the Church had a ‘significant, ‘powerful’ or ‘too powerful’ influence in the government of the Republic of Ireland. This fear of the Catholic hegemony, that would swamp and overrun their own way of life and form of worship, helps explain their hostility towards the minority in the North. As an ethnic group, they are defined by their religion, which inevitably shapes their communities, their politics and their outlook. It could even be claimed that they fall back on their faith because they have no national identity of their own. Four features of unionist politics during the period 1972-1998 were clearly influenced by religion. The refusal to reach any significant accommodation with the Catholic minority, the steadfast rejection of any contemplation of an united Ireland, the desire to maintain the Union to preserve the Protestant way of life and the support for the evangelical Democratic Unionist Party were all bound up with Protestantism – the last point echoed in Steve Bruce’s claim that â€Å"the Northern Ireland conflict is a religious conflict [because]†¦ that is the only conclusion that makes sense of Ian Paisley’s career†. Finally, the anthropologist Don Akenson claims that the conflict stemmed from the Ulster Protestants’ belief that they are God’s ‘chosen people’, and this explains their sense of superiority, their ability to discriminate against their Catholic population without qualms and their determination to retain the autonomy of the Six Counties, their ‘promised land’. However, it is also possible, as many Unionists have done, to blame the divisions on the Catholic religion. Many extreme loyalists claimed that nationalism is nothing by the tool of the Vatican in an attempt to ‘turn back the tide’ of Protestantism. Whilst this view is perhaps a little extreme, they pointed to the ‘religious genocide’ that took place in the South between 1941 and 1971, when the Protestant proportion of the population fell from 10% to 4. 1%, the legal enforcement of Catholic morality that caused the Protestant emigration to the North and the Papal law ensuring that the offspring of ‘mixed’ relationships were raised as Catholics. Unionists also argued that it was the Catholic hierarchy that consolidated the divide by teaching a Catholic, southern Irish national identity within their schools, that it was their refusal to accept the legitimacy of the Union and its security forces that led to the downfall of the first Stormont Assembly. They were also incensed by the Church’s refusal to excommunicate members of the IRA, as they did during the Civil War between 1922-3, and their willingness to bury IRA dead and hunger strikers in consecrated ground. This, coupled with the discovery of IRA weapons on church land, led to the belief, in Unionist circles at least, that the Church played an active role in the conflict. It was this strident and violent Catholic nationalism that linked Protestantism to unionism – after all, there were a small number of Catholic unionists, which is not to be expected if Protestantism and unionism had been one and the same from the very beginning. Despite all this, it must be remembered that the conflict was not a theological one, and that religion alone cannot explain the divisions within society. Although Northern Ireland still does have one of the highest church attendance figures outside the Republic, in line with the increasingly secularisation of the rest of the UK and Europe, numbers fell (just 29% of Protestants and 67% of Catholics went to church weekly in 1998) as the conflict developed, intensified and continued. The period 1972 and 1998, saw Northern Ireland become an increasingly secularised state – between 1981 and 1987 the divorce rate increased at the same rate as Great Britain’s and the number of births outside marriage doubled – yet the divisions continue. If the conflict was the result of purely religious reasons, it would be expected that there would have been a correlation between areas most afflicted by the Troubles and the degree of religious intensity of the inhabitants, but this simply was not the case – the most devout communities were to be found in the countryside, but the vast majority of the violence was carried out in the cities, which recorded much lower church attendance figures – in 1992 it was estimated in one Belfast Catholic parish just 38% of the population attended mass on a weekly basis. The same should have been true for the paramilitaries, that those most committed to the cause would also have been the most devout, but there is considerable evidence that many only turned to religion after incarceration; most famously, many of the hunger strikers led by Bobby Sands in 1981 had converted to Catholicism once in jail. There has also been a careful avoidance by the main political parties in the province to avoid religious labels – the DUP was formerly the Protestant Unionist Party, but swiftly changed its name to the Democratic Unionist Party in 1971 – preferring terms such as ‘social democratic’, ‘unionist’, ‘nationalist’ and so on, and they pursue political and economic – not religious – policies. It should also be pointed out that even if they did have religious labels, it would not have necessarily meant that the conflict was a religious one – numerous European political parties, the German CDU being just one example, proudly possess a religious name. Between 1969 and 1994, only one Protestant cleric was killed, and he, the Reverend Robert Bradford, was a hardline, outspoken UUP MP, and both sides, to a greater extent, respected the sanctity of churches and churchmen. An important point in this issues is that there is, in fact, nothing intrinsically religious about Catholics taking up arms in the late 1960s/early 1970s against a perceived aggressor or oppressor. This was not a ‘holy war’, not a crusade, but a fight against the inequalities and discrimination they faced. Nor was the Protestant discrimination of Catholics inherently religious – Catholics were treated unjustly because they were seen as disloyal to the state, not because of their rosaries and belief in transubstantiation. The question of whether the Northern Ireland ‘Troubles’ were prompted by the religious tensions is best summed up by John McGarry and Brendan O’Leary when they said â€Å"There is no need to invent ingenious religious agendas to account for militant republican paramilitarism† and the same is true for the loyalists. There are a number of other, more fundamental and realistic issues that explain the divisions within the province. There were clear class divisions within Northern Irish society throughout the twentieth century that could be said to have had an effect on the development of the Troubles. Stated crudely, there a disproportionate of the middle classes were Protestant, whilst Catholics were much more likely to make up the working classes. In 1971, 69% of Catholics were manual workers, in comparison to 59% of Protestant, and throughout the period the number of unskilled Catholic workers rose, whilst Protestant figures fell. Thus the Northern Irish conflict could be seen in terms of a Marxist struggle – one where the mainly Protestant elites were attempting to maintain the status quo against the demands of the Catholic working class. However, this would be to oversimplify the problem, and overlooks the not insubstantial Catholic middle class and ignores the significant influence the Protestant working class were able to exert on the Unionist leadership. If it had been an issue of class, then it would not be unreasonable to expect that political parties would have organised along class lines, but this was not necessarily the case. Whilst the UUP was heavily dependent on the support of the Protestant working class, this was not at the expense of middle class votes. The differences between the DUP and the UUP were not class-based, but simply political, although it could be said the SDLP attracted more middle-class nationalist support than Sinn Fiin before 1998. It might also have been expected that the small Catholic middle class would have been more unionist in character, if it had merely been a class struggle. Therefore to perceive the divisions in society as being along class lines is misleading, but there is a case for looking at the economic inequalities between the two communities, and the effect that they had on the formation and character of the conflict. In 1989, the Northern Ireland Office Minister Richard Needham said â€Å"If work can be found for 10,000 unemployed boys in West Belfast †¦ that in itself will do more to impact on the political and security areas than anything else. In all societies, political stability is linked to economic prosperity, and the fact that, for most of the period 1972 to 1998 the Northern Irish economy consistently underperformed economically in comparison to the mainland. At times in the 1970s, unemployment reached levels as high as 12%, whilst Great Britain had enjoyed full employment. Key staple industries, such as textiles, ship- and airplane building suffered from fierce overseas competition and by the 1970s were in near-terminal decline. Political extremism, and, by extension, paramilitarism was always more prevalent amongst the disadvantaged on both sides of the religious divide rather than the more affluent; a considerable proportion of the violence emanates from deprived Catholic and Protestant ghettos. Therefore there is some truth in Needham’s statement – if Northern Ireland’s economy had been stronger, then perhaps the more violent nature of the conflict could have been contained. A very important economic issue was that of discrimination. In 1971, 17. 3% of Catholic men were unemployed, in contrast to just 6. 6% of Protestants. Twenty years later, the figures were 21. 3% and 9. 6% respectively. For those Catholics in work, they could expect to be paid considerably less than their Protestant counterparts. Direct and indirect discrimination against Catholics were inherent in the economic inequalities they faced. Thus the roots of the conflict can be seen in Catholic demands for an improvement in their economic situation, but attempts, especially under the leadership of Terence O’Neill, to address these discrepancies had an important consequence: the Protestants became increasingly more determined to protect their economic privileges. They began to complain of what Birrell called ‘reverse relative deprivation’, that is, during the 1970s Protestants began to feel relatively deprived as the gap between them and Catholics began to close, which led to an increased resistance to anti-discrimination policies, which in turn fuelled Catholic discontent. By the 1990s, the violence of loyalist paramilitaries were being attributed to the perception that Catholics were now doing better than Protestants, thanks to ‘reverse discrimination’ in their favour – this point of view was especially prevalent in the Shankhill area of Belfast, as uncovered by the 1993 Opsahl Commission. Another economic motive that could help explain the divisions within Northern Ireland was the clear financial disadvantages of abandoning the Union. In the words of McGarry and O’Leary, â€Å"Protestants are said to be more loyal to the half-crown than to the Crown†. One of the reasons Unionists were so opposed the idea of a united Ireland was because it would lead not only to the end of their economic advantages, but to a general decline in the average standard of living, seeing as the Republic simply could not guarantee degree of expenditure on the province as Britain – by the early 1990s, the subsidy given to Northern Ireland from London actually exceeded the Republic’s income tax revenue. This does not explain the continued nationalist support for and end to the union, even when aware of the inevitable economic disadvantages, but it is an important factor in understanding Protestant intransigence. However, economic factors alone simply cannot explain the divisions that led to the outbreak of the ‘Troubles’, or their continuation for so long. As Trotsky pointed out, if mere deprivation was the cause of revolutions, the masses would always be in a state of rebellion. If economic reasons were the cause of violence between the two communities, it would be expected that periods of depression would be accompanied by an intensification of conflict, which simply was not the case: after the 1958 slump there was no outbreak of violence, and the ‘Troubles’ actually started during a period of relative growth, falling unemployment and increasing prosperity, which would point to a political, rather than economic, trigger. Whilst political extremism is more likely to be found in underprivileged areas, repression (especially in the case of nationalist groups) was still as major reason for joining paramilitary forces, rather than objective deprivation. As already mentioned, there was no economic incentive for the Six Counties to unite with the South, especially before the Republic’s emergence as a ‘Celtic Tiger’, but the British subvention of the province also does not fully explain Protestant unionism, for it increased considerably during the years of Direct Rule, and in 1972 it was nowhere near the i3. billion it was in 1998. Unionism was driven by the belief in the right to self-determination and the resolve to preserve the Protestant way of life, not an economic self-interest, and equally, â€Å"Nationalism has a social psychological basis rather than a purely or largely materialist foundation† (McGarry and O’Leary). For shared material experiences to shape a community in any significant way, they must firstly, according to McGarry and O’Leary, have a deep sense of national identity formed through shared historical or geographical experiences and facilitated by common culture, language or religion. Whilst economics clearly played a crucial role in consolidating existing divides, it does not explain the existence of the divisions in the first place. The violent divisions in Northern Ireland society can all be traced to the problem of national identity. Culturally, there was no real divide between the two communities, except over fairly superficial matters such as sport and newspapers. Religious, economic, class and cultural issues, whilst important in understanding the complexity of the Ulster question, are not, in themselves, enough to explain the underlying causes. In terms of religion, whereas the Catholics were a single denomination, the various Protestant denominations were united only by the fact that their non-Catholicism, which was not strong enough to produce a strong enough degree of cohesiveness. Religious labels, however, were used as a demarcation between the two communities. Unionists were not united by their religion, their class or their economic self-interest, but by their identification with the rest of the United Kingdom, by the fact that they considered themselves to be British – even when the government did not necessarily agree. Equally, nationalists were united in the belief that they are Irish, and spiritually and ethnically a part of the southern Republic. People were members of a ‘religious community’, considered to be a ‘cradle’ Catholic or Protestant regardless of their actual religious or non-religious conviction; their religious label was an ethnic label. Whilst churches maintained and reinforced the social boundaries, through religiously driven activities, and the high rates of endogamy (in 1968, 96% of the population had parents of the same religion, whilst between 1943 and 1982 just 6% of all marriages were mixed), the persistence of segregated schooling (just 2% of primary and secondary school pupils in 1994 attended an integrated school) and residential separation, the divisions were originally caused by something else: â€Å"religion reinforced nationalism, not the other way round†. Thus political and economic discrimination of the Catholics by the Protestant majority can be explained in terms of Protestant fears that their national identity would be lost in a united Ireland. Their determination to remain a part of the United Kingdom, and their extreme reluctance to grant significant civil rights to the Catholic minority was as a result of their fear of losing their way of life, as well as just an unwillingness to relinquish their privileged status. As McGarry and O’Leary succinctly put it: â€Å"National and ethnic attachments tend to be much more binding and explosive in historically established and stable communities than alternative solidarities, like gender or class† and this is especially true of Northern Ireland. There are many aspects of the divisions in Northern Ireland society that this essay has not addressed. More could be said about cultural differences, and the long-term political discrimination, such as gerry-mandering, faced by Catholics that led to the Troubles between 1972 and 1998. External factors, such as British and Irish policy, and other long-term historical factors, such as the nature of British colonialism of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, such as the impact of plantation on the political dynamic of the province. It is impossible to blame the Troubles on class conflicts, for Protestants and Catholics simply do not divide neatly into a unionist middle class and nationalist working class. Economic factors did have a significant impact on the development of grievances and intransigence, but also only provide an incomplete picture. Superficially, the conflict can be seen in religious terms – after all it is often described as Catholics against Protestant, as well as nationalist versus unionist. However, in recent decades, as Northern Ireland follows the general European trend for secularisation, and church attendance figures continue to fall, the religious labels are a sign of ethnicity, rather than belief. The entrenched nature of the divisions between the two communities, in the face of improving economic and political conditions and increasing secularisation during the period 1972 and 1998 means that there must have been a further, deeper cause for the conflict, and the question of nationality – British or Irish – is more convincing than the other, admittedly important, possibilities. How to cite The divisions within Northern Ireland society have as much to do with class as religion or nationality, Papers

Investments and Challenges for Enterprises †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Investments and Challenges for Enterprises. Answer: Introduction Internet of Things (IoT) involves the procedure of connecting the software, hardware and sensors. The implementation of IoT technology in farming and agriculture has significantly changed the scenario of farming as a whole. The quality has improved a lot with the advent of IoT. The various technologies associated with the IoT technology have changed the food quality. The farmers always stay connected to the Internet and use the wireless network for the benefits. Now, there is a drawback, since the farmers use the insecure network they fall into prey of the cyber attackers, they attack their systems and lock their system and asking for money. The ransomware attack cost them too much. They steal the farmers data as well. This research study will review the issues and provide solutions to strengthen the security framework for the betterment of the farmers so that they can conduct their activities safely and securely over the network. The common security issues with wireless technologies This research study will showcase the issues and provide solutions to strengthen the security framework for the betterment of the farmers so that they can conduct their activities safely and securely over the network. Jing et al., (2014) suggested the common security solutions in the wireless technology. The risks those are associated with the wireless technology are- Intrusion: The mobile network is being more opened to the intruders, they easily gain access to those mobile devices via an unprotected network and make it vulnerable.tivities. Granjal, Monteiro Silva, (2015) depicted the active attack and the passive attack involved elaborately and lack of security can lead to both physical and virtual intruder attack such as hacking, data theft, the system integrity destruction. The active attack involves ID spoofing is basically related to the unauthorised access or unauthorised privileges, the active attack also involves the access of personal files in the computer system by means of alternation or modification of the data, that active attack also correlates the dictionary attacks to detect or identify a set of station service identifiers. According to Da et al., (2014) the replay attack or DoS attack is associated with accessing and exploiting the wired equivalent privacy encryption. According to Gubbi et al., (2013) the passive attack involves the accumulation of the information when the information is in transmitting in between the unauthorised devices. The passive attack can occur by the following two methods- Eavesdropping: this method involves the monitoring and administering of the transmissions of the message components in between the devices Traffic analysis: Loo, Mauri Ortiz, (2016) mentioned the process which involves monitoring and administrations of transmissions for particular patterns of communication. All the techniques described above are a part of criminal activities that involves hacking and exploiting the mobile system and wireless system and () depicted them beautifully. The current security solutions for the security threats on Internet of Thing Borgohain, Kumar Sanyal, (2015) presented the security solutions that are associated with the IoT for diminishing the security threats are- authentication, securing communication that means data protection while it is in transit, protection of data while in the process, securing storage which involves protecting data while the data is at rest. Authentication: Abomhara Kien, (2014) depicted the common algorithm AES and SHA-256 that aids in authentication; the authentication process involves the usage of the asymmetric public key. In case of authentication public key concept is used to encipher and decipher data for enhancing security. The sender sends a data encrypted with the secure key and the receiver on the other end can only get access to the data by decrypting the same data with the secure key. The sender and the receiver can only access the data and they have to have the key, that means the intruders in between if try to access the data they will have to know the key encryption ensures data safety. Whitmore, Agarwal Da Xu, (2015) highlighted that digital signature is another form of authentication. The concept of digital certificate involves a private key encryption which can only be opened by the public key, the private key is only known to the sender and the receiver. Securing data communication by means of algorithms: According to Botta et al., (2016) the software implementations to secure the data my means for authentication can be power consuming. When that software deployed in a system, it takes a lot of CPU cycles for processing, hence the system becomes slow and sluggish at times, hence it delays other vital works and makes the network slower. However, the problem can be solved by the implementation of the symmetric encryption algorithms like AES and 3DES and the asymmetric algorithms RSA and ECDSA. According to Al-Fuqahaet al., (2015) implementations of all these algorithms make the system faster and hence make it power-efficient. The software implications, on the other hand, can be tedious and can slow the system and hence should be replaced by these algorithms. Secure transit: Matharu, Upadhyay Chaudhary, (2014) stated that the sensitive information while in transit must remain safe and secure all throughout the transmission between the sender and the receiver, and those must not be leaked in any way. However, in some instances in case of payment applications, another safety and security layer is required, certain software tools come into play in this case, and the execution of the code can be made secure by implementing those tools. The secured environment can be achieved by the security chips and the inbuilt security chips in the IoT device host CPU. Securing the data while storing in the device: When the data is stored in the database of the IoT devices, it can be made secure with the secure key and the unique device identifier. From the root keys, the session keys are generated and these keys are for authentication and securing connection among the devices. According to Chen et al., (2014), the authorised users who know the keys' details can only access and can further communicate with the devices; these data are secured in terms of warranty and privacy. Securing personal information: IoT helps to secure and protect the assets of the users. IoT helps to build custom applications to protect users' data; it makes users' life simpler. Stay ahead of the customers: The developers or the manufacturers by taking the help of cloud technology and advanced IoT solutions can stay ahead of their competitors. Providing benefits to agriculture and farming: The farmers or any individuals can use the IoT configured hardware and software solutions to get cost-effective and secured service. IoT providing advanced data storage: According to Grieco et al., (2014), the clients can get the advanced data storage facilities and standard, and also the advanced data protection via IoT. The attackers or the intruders finding out the loopholes has spread their arms and the cyber crimes are increasing day by day, ransomware is one of that kind, the ransomware virus become popular because of the following flaws- Lack of proper authorization technique: Lack of strong passwords can lead to unauthorised access and lead to unethical data usage. Encryption failure: Martnez-Prez et al., (2015) showcased that the devices fail to encrypt or decrypt data when the data is transferred, even though the device is connected to the Internet. The security credentials: The users use the same default username and password preconfigured for the devices. Privacy issues: The privacy issues incur as the organisations collect data from the customers via an insecure network. Open-source software: According to Trappe, Howard Moore, (2015), IoT devices must be configured with the open-source software and not the paid software, as these can reduce the usage of IoT technology and the students and the educators can face challenges adopting the new technology for them. Open-source software help to overcome the security breaches easily. IoT in testing mode: IoT technology is still in beta mode and needs to be revolutionised, there are many security breaches and several pitfalls that need to be addressed and solved as soon as possible. The better ways of overcoming the security challenges that can assist farmers The best possible solution for overcoming the security challenges in the IoT devices is to protect the personal information and details and the specifications by implementing required IoT devices that are IoT algorithms and associated IoT hardware. IoT hardware can make the whole system cost-effective as well as the algorithms can help them to process things over the Internet further. Moreover, it provides us with a secured solution. Lee Lee, (2015) depicted that the security can be achieved by following means Patching all the system requirements on a daily basis: The computer desktop, as well as the mobile devices, must be configured and set up to install the daily updates. The updated patches include all the solutions for the security breaches. So, the updated operating system is less vulnerable to threats. Backup system files and personal data: The backing up of system files and the personal data help in this scenario. If any important files get affected then it will not hurt, so the backup is easiest and cheapest method, it helps to mitigate the effect of ransomware effect. Updated software: According to Farooq et al., (2015), the software or apps installed in the device must be updated all the time; the browsers must be updated, as the outdated software is more vulnerable to security threats and risks. Blocking SMB inbound or outbound on the firewall: The ransomware virus basically spread through Windows SMB services, so implementation and configuration of firewall can mitigate the risk of ransomware. Installation of antivirus software: Sicari et al., (2015) stated that the antivirus software installation can help definitely help to fight against the ransomware, any basic antivirus available in the market can secure the network from the potential attack of ransomware virus. The farmers must take the definite approaches discussed that will enhance the security and also provide various farming facilities. The farmers must install the antivirus software in their system and must keep it updated; the software can definitely help them to stay away from the adverse effect of the ransomware virus. According to Anwar et al., (2014), the farmers should back up their business data and files regularly. They can store the files on a USB stick or USB flash drive, they can be ensured by simply testing whether the backup files are working or not. Saving files in read-only mode The farmers can make a simple move. The ransomware virus cannot attack the files that are read-only. Therefore, they can make a trick and save their files in read-only mode, in this way they can protect their files and they do not have to pay a large amount to the intruders. According to Anwar et al., 2014, the above model demonstrates how IoT works. The model gives a general overview of a secured connection established between IoT devices, IoT server and the IoT-Ticket Dashboard. This ensures secure data transmission and protection from ransomware. Sicari et al., 2015 showcased the above model that demonstrates the sensors integrated with data storage and in between the IoT structure which provides the network security. From this image, the underlying structure can be seen. Granjal, Monteiro Silva, 2015 demonstrates the above model in details and the applications of agriculture with the cloud and database, the data accumulated is stored securely in the database for future analysis. Li, Da Zhao, (2015) stated that the IoT is in testing mode, the farmer can still get enough advantages from the IoT services, though in mere future they will get more benefits from the IoT. Conclusion It can be concluded from the above discourse that IoT has a lot to offer to the farmer and agriculture. The quality has enhanced a great deal with the appearance of IoT. The different innovations related with the agriculture have changed the sustenance quality. The agriculturists dependably remain associated with the Internet and utilize the network system for the advantages. Presently, there is a downside, since the intruders utilize the unreliable system they fall into prey of the cyber attackers, they attack their devices and lock their devices and requesting cash. The ransomware attack cost them excessively. They take the agriculturists' information also. This investigation features those issues and furthermore gives helpful answers for the particular issues confronted by the clients. This examination study highlighted the issues and give answers for reinforcing the security structure for the improvement of the agriculturists so they can lead their activities securely and safely. The various approaches of IoT will help definitely help in agriculture to achieve the desired security, the farmers will have to install antivirus and update them daily, should back up important files. The limitations of IoT have also been discussed. It is hoped that IoT will come up new security features that can embellish the overall structure of agriculture. References Abomhara, M., Kien, G. M. (2014, May). Security and privacy in the Internet of Things: Current status and open issues. InPrivacy and Security in Mobile Systems (PRISMS), 2014 International Conference on(pp. 1-8). IEEE. Al-Fuqaha, A., Guizani, M., Mohammadi, M., Aledhari, M., Ayyash, M. (2015). Internet of things: A survey on enabling technologies, protocols, and applications.IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials,17(4), 2347-2376. Anwar, R. W., Bakhtiari, M., Zainal, A., Abdullah, A. H., Qureshi, K. N., Computing, F., Bahru, J. (2014). Security issues and attacks in wireless sensor network.World Applied Sciences Journal,30(10), 1224-1227. Borgohain, T., Kumar, U., Sanyal, S. (2015). Survey of security and privacy issues of Internet of Things.arXiv preprint arXiv:1501.02211. Botta, A., De Donato, W., Persico, V., Pescap, A. (2016). Integration of cloud computing and internet of things: a survey.Future Generation Computer Systems,56, 684-700. Chen, S., Xu, H., Liu, D., Hu, B., Wang, H. (2014). A vision of IoT: Applications, challenges, and opportunities with china perspective.IEEE Internet of Things journal,1(4), 349-359. Da Xu, L., He, W., Li, S. (2014). Internet of things in industries: A survey.IEEE Transactions on industrial informatics,10(4), 2233-2243. Farooq, M. U., Waseem, M., Khairi, A., Mazhar, S. (2015). A critical analysis on the security concerns of internet of things (IoT).International Journal of Computer Applications,111(7). Granjal, J., Monteiro, E., Silva, J. S. (2015). Security for the internet of things: a survey of existing protocols and open research issues.IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials,17(3), 1294-1312. Grieco, L. A., Rizzo, A., Colucci, S., Sicari, S., Piro, G., Di Paola, D., Boggia, G. (2014). IoT-aided robotics applications: Technological implications, target domains and open issues.Computer Communications,54, 32-47. Gubbi, J., Buyya, R., Marusic, S., Palaniswami, M. (2013). Internet of Things (IoT): A vision, architectural elements, and future directions.Future generation computer systems,29(7), 1645-1660. Jing, Q., Vasilakos, A. V., Wan, J., Lu, J., Qiu, D. (2014). Security of the internet of things: Perspectives and challenges.Wireless Networks,20(8), 2481-2501. Lee, I., Lee, K. (2015). The Internet of Things (IoT): Applications, investments, and challenges for enterprises.Business Horizons,58(4), 431-440. Li, S., Da Xu, L., Zhao, S. (2015). The internet of things: a survey.Information Systems Frontiers,17(2), 243-259. Loo, J., Mauri, J. L., Ortiz, J. H. (Eds.). (2016).Mobile ad hoc networks: current status and future trends. CRC Press. Martnez-Prez, B., De La Torre-Dez, I., Lpez-Coronado, M. (2015). Privacy and security in mobile health apps: a review and recommendations.Journal of medical systems,39(1), 181. Matharu, G. S., Upadhyay, P., Chaudhary, L. (2014, December). The Internet of Things: challenges security issues. InEmerging Technologies (ICET), 2014 International Conference on(pp. 54-59). IEEE. Sicari, S., Rizzardi, A., Grieco, L. A., Coen-Porisini, A. (2015). Security, privacy and trust in Internet of Things: The road ahead.Computer Networks,76, 146-164. Trappe, W., Howard, R., Moore, R. S. (2015). Low-energy security: Limits and opportunities in the internet of things.IEEE Security Privacy,13(1), 14-21. Whitmore, A., Agarwal, A., Da Xu, L. (2015). The Internet of ThingsA survey of topics and trends.Information Systems Frontiers,17(2), 261-274.

Life is unpredictable Essays - Szd Speech, , Term Papers

Life is unpredictable Life is Unpredictable 1 We all leave the warmth and security of our homes every day whether it is to go to work, school, do errands or visit a friend. While the reasons vary from one day to the next there is one common denominator and that is the assumption that when we leave our homes we will be returning to them later in the day. In most cases, this is a safe assumption and we are able to come and go throughout the day returning safely to our house, family and lives at the end of each day. However, the reality is that while we would like to believe that we will always be safe, life does happen and there are people that wake up in the morning, drink a cup of coffee, read the paper, leave the house and never return. People lose their lives every day and the reasons can be many including a sudden heart attack or a tragic car accident. Regardless of the reasons, it is important to remember that life is short and we truly don't know what each day will bring. I am not writing this to be negative but instead to serve as an important reminder that life is fragile and we need to embrace every moment given every single day. I have thought about how often I have rushed out of my home in the morning leaving dirty dishes on the counter, a mess in the bathroom, unfinished projects and most important without saying goodbye to a loved one because I was running late. Like most people, I fall prey to the illusion that I will be returning home later in the day and can clean up the messes, finish the projects and have quality time with the people I love later. In the end, the messy house and unfinished projects are not that important but I challenge all of us to think hard about the importance of our loved ones and unfinished business with those we love. How often have we left for work without a goodbye, a hug or saying "I love you"? How often have we left angry and full of resentment refusing to forgive or resolve an issue with someone we truly care about? My guess is that this is something we can all relate to and have experienced at some point in our lives. Remember that there are never any guarantees on any given day and that while we need to think positive and live each day to the fullest we must also appreciate the blessings in our lives and those that we love. Don't take that chance of having wished you had told someone that you loved them or that you forgave them only to have it be too late. I can promise you that no argument or those few minutes you saved by rushing out the door will be worth it if life steps in and someone doesn't come home. Life is so precious and each and every day that we are given is truly a miracle so please live life to the fullest, practice gratitude, learn to forgive, spread kindness every chance you get and most of all love others. It will make each day so much better for everyone around and we can leave our homes knowing that regardless of what the day may hold we have truly lived our best life! 2 Life is unpredictable. Sometimes no matter how perfect your plan is, it turns out to be the other way round. When this happen has you ever stop and think? Maybe God has another plan for you? Or do you find blames in other people? Do you ever stop and try to reflect your own self? Sometimes, we just too ignorant to admit that we are on the wrong track. Sometimes, we just trying so hard to get what we want. But worst of all, sometimes, we always see other peoples life are much more fun, perfect and happier than us. We envy them so much until we forgot that happiness can exist in little things that we take for granted. 3 In life, we come across many challenges. Some of them make us who we are while

Psychology Dyslexic People Essay

Psychology Dyslexic People Essay Psychology: Dyslexic People Essay Assignment #7, Part 1 Lisa Downs 1. The Diagnostic criteria for the diagnosis of dyslexia are: Reading achievement substantially below that expected for the person's age, measured intelligence and age-appropriate education. The disturbance in reading ability interferes with academic achievement or activities of daily living that require reading skills. If a sensory deficit is present, the reading difficulties are in excess of those usually associated with the specific sensory deficit. The diagnostic assessment of dyslexia consists of a series of standardized reading and spelling tests and an evaluation of the child’s psychological state, including additional information obtained from parents and teachers. 2. Three national websites for information on dyslexia: * www.interdys.org * www.pridedyslexiaprogram.com/Dyslexia * ldonline.org/ 3. Three local support groups for dyslexia: * LDA of Kenucky,2210 Goldsmith Lane, #110,Louisville, KY, 40218,502-473-1256 * Kentucky Special Parent Involvement Network (KY-SPIN) ,Paulette Logsdon ,10301 B Deering Road ,Louisville, KY 40272 ,502-937-6894 ,502-937-6464 FAX ,1-800-525-7746 ,E-mail: spininc@aol.com ,Web Site: www.kyspin.com * Louisville-Scottish Rite Childhood Language Disorders Center,p;33 East Broadway, Louisville, KY, 40202,502) 584-9781 4. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) gives civil rights protections to individuals with disabilities that are like those provided to individuals on the basis of race, sex, national origin, and religion. It guarantees equal opportunity for individuals with disabilities in employment, public accommodations, transportation, State and local government services, and telecommunications. As a student the ADA protects you by providing you with reasonable accommodations. Implementing your request within a reasonable amount. Treating you and give you the same opportunities as other classmates. Your rights at work section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act (PL 93-112) prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities. It guarantees that people with disabilities have equal access to programs and services that receive federal funds. This applies to employers receiving federal funds. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 protects people with disabilities from discriminati on in employment, public, and privately operated settings. The law applies to state and local governments and to private employers with 15 or more employees.( dyslexiacoachnj.com/Rights.html) 5. Dyslexic people are highly creative thinkers who often solve problems through visual imagery. On this page we explore some of the positive characteristics of dyslexia. (dyslexia.com/qagift) There are many successful dyslexic people in the kinds of professions, which are often considered to be inappropriate, or 'too difficult' if you are dyslexic. Writing, acting, politics, science, law, teaching and business are examples of professions in which

Ideas for Kindergarten Science Fair Projects

Ideas for Kindergarten Science Fair Projects Kindergarten science projects give kindergarten students the opportunity to explore science by making observations and predictions based on the observations. Concepts should be easy to understand and materials used in the science projects should be non-toxic and easy for small hands to manage. In many cases, kindergarten science involves group projects, so students can brainstorm ideas. Here are some examples of kindergarten science projects. Experiment with ColorEither offer students finger paints in the primary colors, clay, or food coloring solutions and ask them to predict what will happen when they mix two of the colors. What do they expect will happen when they mix ​an  unequal amount of colors? What if they mix all three colors?​ If possible, offer colored transparent sheets or tissue paper. Mixing colors of light produces very different results from mixing paints! Ask students what makes light different. This exercise offers a good opportunity to discuss the concept of a hypothesis. Ask kindergarten students to predict what will happen when different colors are mixed. Explain that one different between a guess and a hypothesis is that a hypothesis is based on information gathered from observations.Blow a Bigger BubbleAsk students if they think all bubble wands produce the same size and shape of bubbles. Test various bubble wands to see if their predictions are accurate. See if kindergarten students can make their own bubble wands from materials such as straw, strings, rolled and taped pieces of paper, etc. Which bubble wand produced the best bubble? Liquids and MixturesPrepare containers of oil, water, and syrup. Ask the kindergarten students to describe the properties of the liquids and to make predictions about what will happen if these liquids are mixed together. Have students mix the liquids and discuss what happened.What Makes Something Alive?Gather a collection of living and nonliving objects. Ask kindergarten students to decide what characteristics are necessary for something to be alive. Do the living objects possess these characteristics? How about the non-living objects?Density ProjectHave students study density. Explain the concept of density. Collect small objects that can fit in a cup of water (e.g., coin, ​a  piece of wood, plastic toy, stone, polystyrene foam). Ask the students to order the objects according to density, then drop each item into the water and see what happens.Explore MagnetismTalk about magnetism. Take a pair of bar magnets and ask students to predict which materials might be magnetic. Hav e the kindergarten students test objects for magnetism. Now ask ​a  student to predict what will happen when two magnets approach each other. Discuss the results. Diffusion and TemperaturePrepare a glass of hot water and a glass of cold water. Ask kindergarten students what they expect will happen when food coloring is dropped into a glass of water. Do they think there will be a difference between what happens if the temperature of the water is changed? Investigate what happens when the food coloring is dripped into each glass and discuss the process of diffusion.Describe an EcosystemWhat is an ecosystem? This science project involves having kindergarten students come up with a definition for an ecosystem. Then, go outside, measure off a square meter of ground, and have students catalog what is in that particular ecosystem. The concept of a food chain could be introduced as well.ClassificationScientists classify animals, plants, minerals, and stars according to similarities. Often, there are disagreements about the best way to group things. Offer students a variety of objects and ask them to classify them and explain how they were grouped. If students choose different groupings, open the discussion so students understand why it sometimes takes scientists hundreds of years to reach agreement. This exercise also demonstrates there may be more than one right way to accomplish a task in science. Star Versus PlanetIn the modern age, astronomers seek planets using high powered magnification and a variety of instruments that detect types of radiation. How do kindergarten students think early scientists knew the difference between stars and planets? Ask students to go outside and find at least one planet in the night sky. Many free apps are available to make this easy. Then, ask them to compare the appearance of a planet to the stars and identify differences between them. Ask them how reliable they think these criteria are.

Assessment Challenges Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Assessment Challenges - Essay Example A provost serves as a senior administrator in institutions of higher learning. The provost also acts as the chief academic officer in a university (Texas State University, 2015). The office is responsible for overseeing all educational programs and offerings. The individuals who serve in this position have to oversee academic policies and faculty affairs. They are also expected to handle personnel matters. It is crucial to acknowledge that the provost is also responsible for ensuring that all the educational programs and offerings are consistent with the mission, vision and values of the institution. In order to achieve their mandate, they should supervise all the senior academic staff in the university. The role of a provost evolves as the educational institution changes. As the school becomes bigger, the position acquires additional responsibilities. Another responsibility is to work with the leaders of the university in order to implement the strategic plan of the University. In addition, provosts are responsible for staff recruitment and retention (Texas State University, 2015). They have to ensure that the institution creates an attractive environment for top teaching talent. One of the most important responsibilities of a provost is to safeguard the quality of the student experience. In order to achieve this objective, one has to understand the issues affecting students and their expectations. It is simple to fulfill this responsibility when one cares about young people. In addition, it is necessary to learn about young people and the things that occupy their minds. One should also believe that students should enjoy a good learning environment (Texas State University, 2015). The position involves the need to oversee the implementation of quality learning standards. Provosts occupy a senior position in a university. As a result, their peers respect them. They are responsible for understanding the relevant

Service Profit Chain Valuation Argument about whether employee Essay

Service Profit Chain Valuation Argument about whether employee satisfaction can lead to Customer satisfaction in hence leads to customer loyalty - Essay Example Customer loyalty means that the resort will have repeat business from the same customers and, therefore, remain doing business (Kamakura et al. 2002, p.311). Furthermore, customer loyalty increases the repurchase levels which translate to profitability and a large consumer base. In the service industry, consumer satisfaction is the driving force behind marketing thought and practice (Chakrapani 1998, p.47). In practice, consumer satisfaction is the consumer’s comparison between their purchase and use with the rewards and costs of the service. Other than consumer satisfaction, employee satisfaction is also another factor that determines the profitability of resorts and spas. The employees provide the various services to the customers. Their service delivery is what determines the customer satisfaction and loyalty in the long run. For this reason, employees are the essential part in the service industry. Management in this industry has to manage employees in such a way that they are satisfied. This is the biggest challenge in the hospitality industry as it determines the overall success of the resort or spa. In addition, employee satisfaction increases guest satisfaction and ultimately guest loyalty. This essay analyzes the two concepts, consumer satisfaction, and employee satisfaction, using the service profit chain theory to fully understand their significance to the service industry. Advertising and marketing in this industry relies heavily on consumer behavior; it is the success scale of this industry. The challenge in this industry is trying to attract customers for longer visits and repeat business (Smith & Puczko 2009, p.13). In comparison to other hospitality segments, the resort and spa industry is the fastest growing segment in this industry. Their number has grown steadily over the last few years due to their unique and novel services they provide. Smith and Puczko (2009) attribute the growth of this industry to the recent global trend of alternative

The title of the book I read was 1491 Essay Example for Free

The title of the book I read was 1491 Essay New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus. It was written by Charles C. Mann. Other books by this author include Noahs Choice: The Future of Endangered Species and The Second Creation: Makers of the Revolution in Twentieth-Century Physics. 1491 is based around Native Americans and how they really lived before European settlers came to the Americas. This is a very interesting, as well as extremely informative book that gives unbiased and well-thought-out information about on the peoples about which that the author writes. about. I personally found this book to be a very good read. Charles Mann is a fantastic writer, and he makes everything about this book interesting. He knows how to put things so that he really grabs the readers attention and keeps you interested to learn more. He is very descriptive and words things in a way that is understandable for me, the reader. He also has a very extensive vocabulary, which makes the reading even more interesting. Mann also uses tons of information that he has gathered. He makes very good points to his topics, as well, and he makes these points very clear. Because of this, I did not find anything that I really disagreed with him on. The book mostly speaks of how much false information is widely believed in the world today about early Americans before Columbus and the Europeans settled in the New World. Many scholars in the past have made false assumptions on about the Native Americans because of their own ethnocentric opinions. For example, today most people view the early Americans as being very nature-oriented, but not very intelligent people who live in small, isolated tribes scattered across the country, who also never did anything to change their environment. However, these assumptions are not true. The Indians actually had a huge impact on their land, mostly for the better. They cleared land to plant more nut and fruit trees, they grew tons of crops, they even created maize. One group in particular, the Beni, was exceptional in the area of purposing land for their its benefit. They built huge mounds in an area that was constantly being flooded. By doing so, this allowed them to grow crops and trees on the mounds. They even made traps below the mounds to trap fish when the area did flood. Overall, I found the book to be very memorable. I really enjoyed reading this book and I will remember a lot of the information that it has taught me for a long time. I cant think of anything that I disagree with the author on, since Charles Mann does make very good points, and he is impressively convincing. I think that the information given in 1491: New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus will open the eyes of many people and teach a lot of people more about the history of the Native Americans. This is a very good and informative book that gives unbiased and trustworthy information about the early Americans before and after Europeans settled in the Americas.

The World of Phoenicia :: World History

The World of Phoenicia Around the 12th century BC, the Greeks gave the coastal region of the eastern Mediterranean the name Phoenicia. This name was so widely accepted that even the Romans adopted it at a later date. Phoenicia was the land between the Orontes River and Mount Carmel. The land was characterized early as the homeland or origination of the surviving Syro-Canaanite civilization. This unique civilization survived the many threats from other cultures of the 12th century BC. The Syro-Canaan civilization produced many interesting objects. Such objects included institutions, handicrafts, and maritime trading. All of these flourished immensely in Phoenician in this period (CANE, 1321). Phoenicia was neither a nation nor a country. Instead, Phoenicia was simply a "conglomerate of city-states that was distinguished from adjacent areas by its habitual outreach into the Mediterranean world" (Freedman, 349). Phoenicia was also known for its preferred dealing and trading with the Greeks and Indo-Europeans. Although it dealt and traded mainly with the Greeks, Phoenicia maintained a unique culture with its own religious beliefs, language, preferred trading techniques, and political setup. With help from their unique ways, the Phoenicians eventually began to expand through the Mediterranean, Near East, and the Middle East (Freedman, 349). Religion for Phoenicia, like many other Semitic cultures, played a very important role in the Phoenician culture. In the 12th century BC, the Phoenicians strongly believed in paganism and worshipped many gods. The gods' names, however, were not always consistent. Phoenicians had their own religious text, their own forms of prayer, and even had sacrifice within their culture. Gifts were also used as offerings and the Phoenicians also had a personal structure within their beliefs. All of these things helped form and keep the Phoenician religion quite unique and peculiar as well. Literary and epigraphic texts are part of the written sources of information about Phoenician religion. Literary texts include many sources such as the Hebrew Bible, Greek texts by Christian, classical, and Hellenistic writers. Epigraphic texts included cuneiform texts in Akkadian language and inscriptions in Phoenician language. One can easily notice all the different sources in which the Phoenician religious texts came about. Hence, the Phoenicians were exposed to many groups and many beliefs in which they built their own religious beliefs. It must be noted, however, that any source other than texts written by Phoenicians can not be solely relied upon and are secondary (Freedman, 358).

Perpetual Inventory System Examples Essay

QUESTION 1. Alpha Corporation is a merchandising company that sells computer parts. Alpha Corporation uses a perpetual inventory system. The following transactions were completed by the company during June 2010: June 7 Purchased 25 Ergonomia monitors from Office Shop on account at a unit cost of $200. June 9 Sold 6 Ergonomia monitors to Computer World Inc. on account for $350 each. June 11 Sold 10 Ergonomia monitors to Best Corporation for $3,200 cash. June 15 Purchased 20 Ergonomia monitors from Office Shop on account at $200 each. June 16Paid the accounts payable for the purchases on June 7. June 19 Sold 10 Ergonomia monitors to Milkyway Company on account. The total sales price was $3,700. June 26 Collected accounts receivable from the sales on June 19. June 30 Paid the accounts payable for the purchases on June 15. Required: a. Prepare the journal entries to record these transactions b. Assume Alpha uses periodic inventory system. Prepare journal entries for the transactions using periodic inventory system. QUESTION 2. Smart Furniture Corporation is a merchandising company that sells chairs. The company uses a perpetual inventory system. It records sales at the gross invoice price and purchases at net cost. Smart Furniture adjusts and closes its accounts monthly. The followings are the transactions in March 2009: Mar 1 Smart Furniture purchased 50 executive chairs from Comfort Company on account. Unit cost of these chairs was $100, terms 3/10,n/30. Mar 3 Sold 40 executive chairs on account to Sweet Home for $200 each, terms 2/10, n/30. Mar 8 Sweet Home returned five executive chairs purchased on March 3. The amount is reduced from the account receivable of Sweet Home. Mar 10 Purchased 50 executive chairs from Comfort Company on account. Unit cost of these chairs was $100, terms 3/10,n/30. Mar 11Returned 10 executive chairs to Comfort Company because they were in the wrong color. Mar 12 Collected accounts receivable from the sales on March 3 within the discount period. Mar 15 Sold 10 executive chairs for on account to Alpha Furnishing, unit sales price was $220, credit terms 2/10, n/30. Mar 19Paid the accounts payable of March 10 purchase within discount period. Mar 25 Paid the accounts payable for the purchases on March 1. Mar 30 Collected accounts receivable from the sales on March 15. Required: a.Prepare the journal entries to record these transactions. b.Prepare the subsidiary inventory ledger executive chairs for the month.

How Does Williams Present the Themes of Illusion and Fantasy in a Streetcar Named Desire?

How does Williams present the themes of illusion and fantasy in A Streetcar Named Desire? The theme of reality vs. fantasy is one that the play centres around. Blanche dwells in illusion; fantasy is her primary means of self-defence, both against outside threats and against her own demons. Throughout the play, Blanche's dependence on illusion is contrasted with Stanley's steadfast realism, and in the end it is Stanley and his worldview that win. To survive, Stella must also resort to a kind of illusion, forcing herself to believe that Blanche's accusations against Stanley are false so that she can continue living with her husband. One of the main ways Williams dramatises fantasy’s inability to overcome reality is through an exploration of the boundary between exterior and interior. The set includes the two-room Kowalski apartment and the surrounding street. Williams’ use of a flexible set that allows the street to be seen at the same time as the interior of the home expresses the idea that the home is not a place of safety. The characters leave and enter the apartment throughout the play, often bringing with them the problems they encounter outside. For example, Blanche refuses to leave her prejudices against the working class behind her at the door. The most notable instance of this effect occurs just before Stanley rapes Blanche, when the back wall of the apartment becomes transparent to show the struggles occurring on the street, foreshadowing the violation that is about to take place in the Kowalski’s’ home. Blanche is the most fascinating character in A Streetcar Named Desire. One reason for this is that she has an absolutely brilliant way of making reality seem like fantasy, and making fantasy seem like reality. This element of Blanche's personality is what makes her character interest the audience and contribute to the excellence of the work. Returning to the beginning of the play, Blanche, shocked with the  dirtiness  and gloominess of Stella and Stanley's home in New Orleans, looks out the  window and says ‘Out there I suppose is the ghoul-haunted woodland of Weir! ‘, to which Stella replies ‘No honey, those are the L and N tracks. ‘ Blanche would assume that something so common and simple as noisy, dark railroad tracks might as well be ‘ghoul-haunted woodlands. Further evidence of Blanche's warped view of reality and fantasy is shown throughout the entire play. She seems to hint to Stella and Stanley, and therefore the audience, that she is actually much more than she seems. In scene  seven, Blanche soaks in a tub, singing: ‘Say, it's only a paper moon, sailing over a cardboard sea -But it wouldn't be make-believe If you believed in me! It's a Barnum and Bailey world, Just as phony as it can be -But it wouldn't be make-believe If you believed in me! ‘ As she sings this song, telling the story of her tendency to believe a more pleasant, warped view of reality over the actual reality, Stanley is telling Stella the horrifying truth about Blanche's scandalous past. These lyrics sum up Blanche’s approach to life. She believes that her lying is only her means of enjoying a better way of life and is therefore essentially harmless. In scene nine, Blanche is confronted by Mitch, who has learned the truth about her past. Mitch tells Blanche that he has never seen her in the light. He tears Blanche's paper lantern off of the plain, bright light bulb, and tries to see her as she really is, and not in a view warped by Blanche's efforts to make herself seem more innocent, young, and  beautiful  than she is. Blanche responds to this by saying ‘I don't want realism. I want magic!†¦ I try to give that to people. I misinterpret things to them. I don't tell truth, I tell what ought to be truth†¦ Don't turn the light on! ‘ This intense, frightening scene reveals to the audience the way Blanche views the world. Tennessee Williams' use of this kind of dual view of the world to develop Blanche's character is a perfect example of the way A Streetcar Named Desire makes the audience react to the characters in the play. The use of light and dark links to the key theme of fantasy and reality. The light is the truth, and this is what Blanche always tries to cover up. Stanley wants the truth so rips away any protection Blanche hides behind, for example the paper lantern over the naked bulb. The Streetcar light that always shines through the window, is trying to uncover the truth so Blanche ides away whenever it drives by, ‘A locomotive is heard approaching outside. She claps her hands to her ears and crouches over. ’ In conclusion, the reader of A Streetcar Named Desire is not only entertained by an interesting story when they read the play. They are also thrust into a reality which is not their own, yet somehow seems familiar. This realistic fantasy Williams creates with his brilliant use of symbolism, intriguing characters, and involving action in the play causes the reader to connect fully with the setting, characters, conflicts, and emotions within it.

Depictions of Dyslexia in Percy Jackson essays

Depictions of Dyslexia in Percy Jackson essays Because I am dyslexic, I understand what it feels like to be invisible. Unlike some other disabilities, a person does not know whether or not someone has dyslexia just by looking at him or her. While one might assume that would make dealing with dyslexia easier, sometimes as a child I wished someone would just make me wear a sign that said, different. People were always surprised when the teacher asked me to read out loud in class, and I would clam up. Even though I had no trouble with math, any time I had to read I just could not do it. Even without a sign, it did not take other students long to figure out that I was different. They called me stupid, and, for a time, I believed them. When I watched movies and (after much toil) read books as a child, I never saw an example of someone like me who had trouble reading but could still succeed. "Percy Jackson and the Olympians: The Lightning Thief" was just the example I needed. In both the book and the movie, based upon it, the storys main character, Percy Jackson, deals with both being dyslexic and being the son of a Greek god. Chris Columbus movie uses visuals to offer graphic representations of the different realities of living with dyslexia. Through these visuals, the audience of the film (hopefully children) learns that dyslexia does not make someone less than the norm; it just makes them different, and perhaps in some ways, even better than the norm. Just after the beginning of the story, the movie introduces the main character with a montage of him and his best friend walking through their high school hallway. As they pass a pair fighting in the hallways, Grover, Percy Jacksons friend, says, Not exactly high school musical(Percy Jackson and the Olympians: The Lightning Thief). This quick joke shows the viewer that Percy Jacksons high school represents a normal high school, not the caricature that is often seen in mov...

Typing Spanish Diacritical Marks on Windows Keyboards

Typing Spanish Diacritical Marks on Windows Keyboards You can type in Spanish on Microsoft Windows machines- complete with accented letters and inverted punctuation- even if youre using a keyboard that shows English characters only. There are essentially three approaches to typing Spanish in Windows. First, use the international keyboard configuration that is part of Windows, best for if you frequently type in Spanish. Alternatively, you can use built in character maps. Finally, you can use some awkward key combinations if you have only the occasional need, if youre at an Internet cafà ©, or if youre borrowing someone elses machine. Tips If you often type in Spanish in Microsoft Windows, you should  install the international keyboard software that is part of Windows and use the right Alt key for the Spanish symbols.If the keyboard software isnt available, you can use the character map app to individually select the letters and special characters you need.The numeric keypad on a full-size keyboard can also be used for Spanish characters using Alt codes. Configuring the International Keyboard Windows XP: From the main Start menu, go to the Control Panel and click on the Regional and Language Options icon. Select the Languages tab and click the Details... button. Under Installed Services click Add... Find the United States-International option and select it. In the pull-down menu, select United States-International as the default language. Click OK to exit the menu system and finalize the installation.Windows Vista: The method is very similar to that for Windows XP. From the Control Panel, select Clock, Language and Region. Under Regional and Language Options, pick Change keyboard or other input method. Select the General tab. Under Installed Services click Add... Find the United States-International option and select it. In the pull-down menu, select United States-International as the default language. Click OK to exit the menu system and finalize the installation.Windows 8 and 8.1: The method is similar to that for earlier versions of Windows. From the Control Panel, sel ect Language. Under Change your language preferences, click on Options to the right of the already installed language, which will probably be English (United States) if youre from the U.S. Under Input method, click on Add an input method. Select United States-International. This will add the international keyboard to a menu located at the lower right of the screen. You can use the mouse to choose between it and the standard English keyboard. You can also switch keyboards by pressing the Windows key and the space bar simultaneously. Windows 10: From the Ask me anything search box in the lower left, type Control (without the quotes) and launch the Control Panel. Under Clock, Language, and Region, select Change input methods. Under Change your language preferences, you will likely see English (United States) as your current option. (If not, adjust the following steps accordingly.) Click on Options to the right of the language name. Click on Add an input method and choose United States-International.  This will add the international keyboard to a menu  located at the lower right of the screen. You can use the mouse to choose between it and the standard English keyboard. You can also switch keyboards by pressing the Windows key and the space bar simultaneously. International Symbols on the Right Alt Key The easier  of the two available ways of using the international keyboard involves pressing the right Alt key (the key labeled Alt or sometimes AltGr on the right side of the keyboard, usually to the right of the space bar) and then another key simultaneously. To add the accents to the vowels, press the right Alt key at the same time as the vowel. For example, to type , press the right Alt key and the A at the same time. If youre capitalizing to make , youll have to press three keys simultaneously- A, right Alt, and shift. The method is the same for the à ±, n with the tilde. Press the right Alt and the n at the same time. To capitalize it, also press the shift key. To type the à ¼, youll need to press right Alt and the Y key. The inverted question mark ( ¿) and inverted exclamation point ( ¡) are done similarly. Press right Alt and the 1 key (which also is used for the exclamation point) for the inverted exclamation point. For the inverted question mark, press right Alt and /, the question mark key, at the same time. The only other special character used in Spanish but not English are the angular quotation marks ( « and  »). To make those, press the right Alt key and either bracket key [ or ] to the right of the P simultaneously. Special Characters Using Sticky Keys The sticky keys method can be used to make accented vowels, too. To make an accented vowel, press , the single-quote key (usually to the right of ; the semicolon), and then release it and type the vowel. To make à ¼, press the shift and quote keys (as if you were making , a double quote) and then, after releasing, type the u. Because of the stickiness of the quote key, when you type a quote mark, initially nothing will appear on your screen until you type the next character. If you type anything other than a vowel (which will show up accented), the quote mark will appear followed by the character you just typed. To type a quote mark, youll need to press the quote key twice. Note that some word processors or other software may not let you use the key combinations of the international keyboard because they are reserved for other uses. Typing Spanish Without Reconfiguring the Keyboard If you have a full-size keyboard, Windows has two ways to type almost any character, as long as it exists in the font you are using. You can type in Spanish this way without having to set up the international software, although both options are cumbersome. If youre using a laptop, you may be limited to the first method below. Character Map: Access character map, access the start menu and type charmap in the search box. Then select the charmap program in the search results. If character map is available in the regular menu system, you can also select it that way. From there, click on the character you want, then click Select, then Copy. Place your cursor in your document by clicking where you wish the character to appear, and then paste the character into your text by pressing CtrlV, or right clicking and selecting Paste from the menu.Numeric Keypad: Windows allows the user to type any available character, including diacritical marks, by holding down one of the Alt keys while typing in a numeric code on the numeric keypad, if one is available. For example, to type the em dash (- ), hold down Alt while typing 0151 on the numeric keypad. Alt codes only work on the numeric keypad, not with the number row above the letters. Character Alt Code 0225 0193 à © 0233 É 0201 à ­ 0237 à  0205 à ± 0241 Ñ 0209 à ³ 0243 Ó 0211 à º 0250 Ú 0218 à ¼ 0252 ÃÅ" 0220  ¿ 0191  ¡ 0161  « 0171  » 0187 - 0151

Dario Argento Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Dario Argento - Essay Example In Titanic, in the depiction of the ship sinking, the imagery that resulted from the decor was so real, it’s like Cameron actually rebuilt the whole ship again and destroyed it, especially when the ship tilted and broke into two, and the diming of the lights in the whole ship. In Avatar lighting, the way the imagery in the battle was perceived was due to great combination of intensity, direction, and very high lighting quality. Since light affects the way colors are rendered, this was used to focus attention predominantly on particular aspects, for example, the eyes of both Jake and Quaritch. This captured fully the flaring emotional moment. In Titanic, lighting was used to show the clarity of the disaster and details of the ship wrecking, especially when almost half of the ship was submerged, while the other half was still above the water but slowly being engulfed. In Avatar, space, depth, proximity, size and proportions of both Jake and Quaritch were well manipulated in 3D. The acrobatics in the battle were enhanced primarily by this careful manipulation. It effectively determined the mood between them. Titanic’s shear size was also captured well in 3D, displaying magnificent details, especially when the ship slanted. ... Titanic’s depiction in aspects of costume in the scene was mainly in the falling off of passengers of different class as per their clothes, who were desperately clinging to the railings as the ship capsized (Passarella 10). In relation to implicit and explicit meaning in Avatar, viewers easily notice a very thinly veiled case scenario on the Iraq war, the US policy regarding terrorism, the inhumane actions based purely on greed in corporations, and environmental concern. There seem to be a reflection of the Israeli/Palestine conflict, as Jake depicts inferior fights, while Colonel Quaritch is seen using heavily armed and armored machines. Jakes decision and passion to fight his own way in defense of the Omaticaya is intriguing. Despite of having years of personal experiences with his kind, for example with colonel Quaritch, especially by virtue of being soldiers while having basically insignificant personal experiences with the Na’vi, Jake recognized the barbaric acts b eing committed against them and acknowledged the lack of correspondence between what he signed up to do, in relation to what his superiors like Quaritch were demanding of him. In Titanic, the ship was thought to be unsinkable, thus before setting out; a compromise was made regarding the number of lifeboats aboard the ship. When it began sinking, the richest got the first priority on the lifeboats, which did not carry the full passengers it could accommodate. While they waited in half-full lifeboats, they witnessed cries of people freezing to death, and didn't offer to help them. Since it came out in 1997, this film seem to depict the 1995 Rwanda genocide, which the able nations of the world just watched and did nothing to prevent the senseless killings of the poor people, since the rich already

If you were given one million dollars to spend how would you spend it Essay

If you were given one million dollars to spend how would you spend it you cannot use it for yourself,familymembers or friends - Essay Example What if I have to spend it nonetheless? What would I do and where would I spend it? The question is abrupt and took me by surprise. It was a while before my polished grey cells started to work again. I thought, pondered, mused and laughed. I had numerous thoughts and each thought was powered by another, more distinct idea. Clearly imaginative, my thinking was now starting to bog my rationality. It was time I took a final decision and the decision had to be a wise one. The moment I gave it a thought, my mind stopped churning ideas. A simple decision to spend it on others had simplified the entire procedure and allowed me to slip out of my utopia. The next thought was the execution of my plan. In order to simplify the scenario, the million dollars were to be spent for charitable use. With that in mind, I narrowed my thoughts to select the best charitable option. Even as I pondered, I had a recollection which was nothing but a reflection of my past. It involved a close friend who had spent a majority of his life running in and out of rehabilitation centers. His drug abuse had spilled water on a promising career and his life had been reduced to a human waste. Taking cue from the above example, I set out to locate a suitable property dealer and bought an acre of wasteland. The hundred thousand dollar bill was substantial to transfer the property to my name. The next step involved hiring an expert builder who transformed the wasteland into a fully functional rehab center. I then enrolled the necessary staff and took the required permission to kick start the rehab center. A month later, the rehab had treated over a hundred patients for free, provided employment to fifteen nurses and five doctors besides a dozen maintenance employees. As I had no right over the money, the rehab was transferred under the care of a local non governmental organization. Well, if you thought that I spend the entire amount on the purchase of land, the

Dissertation Proposal to be done on same topic as other proposals and Essay

Dissertation Proposal to be done on same topic as other proposals and previous orders - Essay Example In this way, this study leans towards the end goal of making high school special education students stay in school. Receiving a high school diploma is extremely important to an American’s chances at achieving professional success. This is because Americans’ financial stability and professional achievement have always been mostly dependent on the education they have received (Shore, 2003). Higher education is something that highly enhances the number of opportunities one receives in the professional world and a high school diploma is almost always a prerequisite in being able to climb up the ladder to career success. This fact is augmented by the increasingly competitive market and the ongoing recession that has made getting job a lot harder. As a result, high school dropouts are faced with the negative ramifications of noncompletion throughout the rest of their lives, which includes unemployment and even a prison sentence as they might confront their financial difficulties with criminal activities (Rumberger, 2003). This contributes to â€Å"a pattern of increased economic marginal ization for those Americans with the least education† (Shore, 2003). Dropping out Ð ¾f high Ã'•chool restricts oneÃ'• options Ð °nd labor market opportunities in an economic climate that is becoming more and more advanced and comples; hence, high school noncompletion prompts serious negative conÃ'•equenceÃ'• for both thÐ µ individual Ð °nd Ã'•ociety in termÃ'• Ð ¾f financial ability and future productivity (Ð…trothÐ µr, 2006). These negative ramifications of high school noncompletion are further augmented when it comes to students with disabilities as their disabilities already act as a hindrance that closes many doors of opportunities. Furthermore, statistics show that the dropout rates of special education high school students are at least double and at the most triple that of regular students (Blackorby and Wagner, 2006; deBettencourt, Zigmond and Thornton,

Use of the ‘mise-en-scene’ in TV Shows and Movies

Use of the ‘mise-en-scene’ in TV Shows and Movies The use of the ‘Mise-en-Scene’ in TV shows and Movies during the last 15 years: A Semiotic Comparison The mise-en-scene has been a huge part of film and television throughout the last century and it has vastly improved during the last fifteen years. TV series such as AMC’s the ‘The Walking Dead’ (2010-) and HBO’s ‘Game of Thrones’ (2011-) have created a cinematic universe, that can actually compete with block buster movies such as, ’28 Days/Weeks Later’ (2002/2007) and ‘The Lord of the Rings’ (2001/2002/2003). I am going to identify how the use of mise-en-scene in these two television programs have affected the production values and semiology of recent television series, compared to the five noughties movies. Semiotics, or semiology is the study of signs and symbols and how they are interpreted by someone (Monaco, 2000). A sign is composed of two things: the signifier and the signified. The signifier is the form of the sign, whilst the signified is the idea or concept in which it is related to (Saussure, 1959). Using a trichotomy of semiotics, Saussure explains how there are three concepts of a signifier: the object – what the sign is, the sign – what we see, and the interpretation – the meaning/ metaphor behind the sign (Saussure, ibid). For example: using the following image from ‘Game of Thrones’ of The Wall (Appendix I), the object would be that the Wall/ and Castle Black from Game of Thrones, the sign would be that is a giant wall, and the interpretation would be that the wall was built there to protect Westeros from The Others, White Walkers and Wildlings beyond it. ‘The Wall’ can be seen both as denotative and connotative. They are the first and second orders of signification. Denotation is the most literal meaning of signs, whilst Connotation is more subjective and interpretive (Barthes, 1977). Furthermore, denotation is what the image significantly represents and connotative is what the image suggests as a symbol. For example: in ‘Game of Thrones’ using denotation the Kings Hand’s pin (Appendix II) represents a very high and important person next to the king. However when connotative, the pin is a circle with a hand in it, which symbolizes the ‘Hand of the King’. Language is a structure of symbols that prompt ideas [3] (Saussure, 1959). Ferdinand de Saussure was a semiotician whose ideas laid a foundation for many significant developments in semiology in the 20th century. His modest yet well-designed idea was ‘to view language as simply one of a number of system of codes of communication’ (Monaco, 2000:58). Semantics, then became merely one area of the more general study of systems of signs. Codes come a number of areas: unique codes, established art forms and cultural codes. Unique codes tend to be a montage of the process of time moving forward. Established art forms are signs and symbols through artwork and theatre performances. Cultural codes is something that is done on an everyday basis, which ends up being the norm for people. Codes are critical constructions systems of logical relationship A great variety of codes combine to form the medium in which film expresses meaning (Monaco, 2000:175). Semiotics are used in television shows and movies to help the audience identify the meaning of what they are watching. For example: In the movie ‘The Lord of the Rings’, audiences can use the mise-en-scene such as, bows, swords, species and costumes to recognise that the film is a sort of medieval fantasy film in a un-real universe. Taken from the French meaning ‘to place in a scene’, the mise-en-scene is everything that appears in front of the camera and its arrangement (Monaco, 2000). For example: shot types, sets, props, actors, costumes, lighting etc. The mise-en-scene helps the audiences to learn about the film and television program without watching much, if not, any of the media. For instance: audiences can discover the genre and production values, just by the decoration of the costumes and sets. In the mise-en-scene, there are two diverse types of shots, the diachronic shot and the framed image. The Diachronic shot is the movement in shot, therefore the emphasis is aimed at the type of shot, focus, angles, and points of views. The framed image is one shot where the emphasis is aimed at colour, aspect ratio, compositional planes, and lighting (Monaco, ibid). Depending on the genre and whether the media is of a film or TV program, the mise-en-scene, furthermore the production values get altered and become completely different (Monaco, ibid). For instance: ‘Lord of the Rings’ is the fantasy/ adventure genre, so it could have a high budget because of the massive use of different locations, props, and special effects. Whilst, ‘The Walking Dead’ is the horror genre, meaning it could have different or less expensive use of the mise-en-scene. ‘Lord of the Rings’ is a film, and ‘The Walking Dead’ is a TV program, so naturally the use of mise-en-scene will be is completely different. The production value/budget of a film is very useful in pre-production. ‘The first phase is preparatory—the script is written, actors and technicians hired, shooting schedules and budgets planned’ (Monaco, 2000:128). Budgets tell a director/producer if the movie will be possible or high quality. Producers set a budget in preproduction, however the budget may increase by the end of the whole production because of un-expected circumstances such as dropped out actors, and expensive use of the mise-en-scene [1] (Monaco, 2000). Similarly, the genre is worked out during preproduction. Genre is useful because it is not only easy to write the story around a certain genre, but it also invites the correct audiences to watch the film, creating the fandom (Monaco, ibid). Research methods are split into two methodologies, primary and secondary. Primary research is research that is completed by a researcher, for instance: watching/ reviewing films, and reading newspaper/ magazine articles. Secondary research on the other hand is research that is gathered from an existing primary source, for example: surveys, and academic books/ journals. Content analysis can be both primary and secondary as it relies on a qualitative and quantitative technique. Qualitative research asks, what and why, and it is based off merely the beliefs and attitudes of a subject. Whilst, quantitative research asks, how many, as its data is formed by statistics and facts of the subject (Jensen Jankowski, 2002). As a quantitative method, content analysis’s finding usual are sorted into numbers and percentages (Jensen Jankowski, ibid). For example: the research of the amount of times a character is killed off in ‘Game of Thrones’, will be done using content analysis, by watching how every episode and counting every death, putting the results in categories, such as men killed by men, women killed by men, women killed by women, men killed by women, child death, murder, suicide, and race. This may take a while, but the results will tell the research the statistics of the different deaths in ‘Game of Thrones’. Results of this could look like the following, ‘in the first season 100 people died, 70% was a murder of men by men, whilst, 30% was a murder of women by men’. Some strengths of quantitative content analysis is that it is an inexpensive research method, that doesn’t really acquire much, if not any contact with people. Researchers can lea rn much about a media production’s target audiences and financial support (Macnamara, 2005). Weaknesses of quantitative content analysis is that the study is inadequate by availability of materials and movements in media may not be an accurate reflection of reality (Macnamara, ibid). Content analysis can be used as semiotic research by watching and analysing films and television to come up with facts about the research topic/ question. Semiotic research looks into the mise-en-scene and creates a conclusion by investigating the meaning or metaphors behind a symbol such as a prop, etc (Monaco, 2000). Strengths of qualitative content analysis are that it offers a good interpretation and explanation of a person’s personal experience of a situation. It is useful for studying a limited number of cases in depth, and it can conduct cross case comparisons and analysis (Brennen, 2012). Weaknesses are that researchers find investigating rather difficult to test theories with larger groups and the results of the research are more easily influenced by the researcher’s personal prejudices (Brennen, ibid). Film and television are full of semiotics, that create metaphors and meaning to the programme/movie. As they’re the zombie horror genre, ‘The Walking Dead’ and ’28 Days/Weeks Later’ need to set a certain tone to attract the correct audience and to give the precise symbolism to show history and maybe important information about locations, characters, and props. I’ve researched into this by watching season 1 and 2 of ‘The Walking Dead’ and both ’28 Days’ and 28 Weeks Later’. One of the things that I found is that they both show symbolism through their types of zombies. ‘The Walking Dead’s’ zombies are slow, and they only have one type, which is the typical decayed zombie corpse. This could symbolize that it is an incurable infection, more than an illness. However, the zombies in ’28 Days/Weeks Later’ are more fast paced, deadly, and with a more human look than ‘The Walking Dead’ zombies. This could symbolize that, unlike AMC’s zombies, it could be a mental illness like rabies. The Music of ‘The Walking Dead’ and ’28 Days/Weeks Later’ both signifies the tones of the scenes in the media. While watching the series 1 episode 4, ‘The Walking Dead’ uses fast pace music in a scene where the characters are trying to get a bag of weapons from the streets of Atlanta. Because the rest of the episode was without music, this created an atmosphere of tension for this particular scene, and identified that something bad could happen. Similarly, ’28 Weeks Later’ does the same in the scene where there is a zombie outbreak in the safe zone, and people are running around panicking, and dying. This doesn’t just give a tone of tension, but symbolizes that all hope of survival is lost. As ‘Game of Thrones’ and ‘Lord of the Rings’ are both a completely different genres, which are Adventure and Fantasy, they will have different uses of signs and symbol. Both the movies and the series have many uses of semiotics, but while watching the media, I was most fascinated by the locations used and the characters. ‘Game of Thrones’ uses up to 26 filming locations to accomplish a cinematic use of the mise-en-scene (IMDB, 2011-). Locations such as the Hverfjall volcano in the Lake Myvatin region of Northern Iceland, which was filmed in most of the icy scenes that was beyond the wall (Appendix III IV). However, unlike ‘Game of Thrones’, ‘The Lord of the Rings’ only uses the whole of New Zealand to film the movies. One location being Tongariro National Park, which was the main setting of the Land of Mordor (Appendix V). Both ‘Game of Thrones’ and ‘The Lord of the Rings’ use these locations to indicate a realism in a fantasy universe. ‘Game of Thrones’ has a lot of characters with unique personas. The Lannister’s are very unique characters, with their golden hair, and smug looks, they can symbolize a lot of things (Appendix VI) and they have a phrase that could imply two things. ‘A Lannister always pays his debts’, this phrase could mean either a threat to or about enemies, or a sign of loyalty, and however in most cases in the show, it is used as a threat. Cersei Lannister is nothing but a bad person, and by looking at an image of her could imply her personality. In a scene with her, she might raise her eyebrows and stare deep in to person she is talking to eyes. This could symbolize that she is deceitful, and ready for revenge. Similarly, ‘Lord of the Rings’ characters use looks and phrases to symbolize their persona. Golem/Smà ©agol is a sick little creature, who has multiply personality disorder. He constantly talks to him, and has the ongoing phrase of ‘my precious’, as he talks about the one ring. This could symbolize the illness of greed and selfishness that comes with the ring. Golem is obsessed with the one ring and is dishonest and double crossing, whilst Smà ©agol has a more friendly and playful personality. Has both personas have the same appearance, the only way to tell apart is his facial expressions. A creepy and demeaning face will show if Golem is speaking (Appendix VII), whilst when Smà ©agol is speaking, an innocent and approachable face appears (Appendix VIII) [4]. The mise-en-scene effects the production budgets of a film and television programme (Monaco, 2000). The television ‘The Walking Dead’ has its similarities and differences to the film series ‘28 Days/Weeks Later’. According to an article by Anthony Ocasio on Screen Rant, ‘The Walking Dead’s’ production budget in season 1 was $3.4 million for six episodes. The budget was decreased in season 2 to $2.7 million to increase the number of episodes to thirteen (Ocasio, 2013). This of course altered the mise-en-scene majorly, from having season 1 of the show based in many locations such as a city/ forest/ town/ etc, to having season 2 of the show in less locations such as the high way/ farm/ etc. Similarly like AMC’s series, ’28 Days Later’ had a smaller budget from its sequel. According to Box Office Mojo, ’28 Days Later’ had a budget of $8 million with a runtime of 113 minutes (IMDB, 2007), whilst ’28 We eks Later’ had a budget of $15 million with a runtime of 100 minutes (Nash Information Services LLC, 2015). This effects the mise-en-scene by the improvement in the acting and the special effects, however, the budget is still low, so the locations are pretty much the same. ‘The Walking Dead’ and ’28 Days/Weeks Later’ are examples of low budgeting in film and television. The HBO television series ‘Game of Thrones’ and the ‘Lord of the Rings’ movies are both highly budgeted. According to an article on ‘Winteriscoming’, ‘Game of Thrones’ had a budget of $60 million in the first season, with 10 episodes, whilst in season 2 it increased by 15% to $69 million with 10 episodes (WinterisComing, 2012). There is not much difference of mise-en-scene in each series, as the budget started high, so the sets/locations were good to begin with. As the production values increased each series, so did the sets, props, and extras. Similarly, the ‘Lord of the Rings’ trilogy’s budget started off high in the first film, but it didn’t increase by much in the other two films. In ‘The Fellowship of the Ring’, the budget was $93 million with a 228 minute runtime on the extended edition (IMDB, 2001). ‘The Two Towers’ had a budget of $94 million with a runtime of 235 minutes on the extended edition (IMDB, 2002). Lastly, ‘The Return of the King’ also had a budget of $94 million with a 263 minute runtime on the extended edition (IMDB, 2003). As the budget was high to begin with, the mise-en-scene was barley altered. The only explanation of the $1 million increase is the other two films had huge battle scenes, which needed the extra money for special effects, extras, and expensive camera shots [2]. In conclusion, the use of mise-en-scene has been affected in film and television during the last fifteen years, due to the increase in production values. The movies will always have a greater budget, compared to television, but there are still similarities. In both film and television, the budget can increase/decrease due to the amount of footage of a production, which can alter locations, props, actors, and any other uses of the mise-en-scene [2]. ‘Producers set a budget in preproduction†¦ expensive use of the mise-en-scene’ [1] (Monaco, 2000). Language is used in ‘Game of Thrones’ and ‘The Lord of the Rings’ to symbolize meaning and metaphors for different characters [4]. ‘Language is a structure of symbols that prompt ideas’ [3] (Saussure, 1959). Lastly, ‘The Walking Dead’, ’28 Days/Weeks Later’ and ‘Game of Thrones’, ‘The Lord of the Rings’ are all completely different ge nres of film and television, but they all use the mise-en-scene in some way to create meaning and metaphors behind different signifiers of the film or television. References Barthes, R. (1977) Image-Music-Text. London: Fontana Press IMDB. (2007) 28 Days Later. http://www.boxofficemojo.com [Accessed on 13/04/2015] IMDB. (2001) The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring. http://www.boxofficemojo.com [Accessed on 13/04/2015] IMDB. (2002) The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers. http://www.boxofficemojo.com [Accessed on 13/04/2015] IMDB. (2003) The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King. http://www.boxofficemojo.com [Accessed on 13/04/2015] IMDB. (2011-) Game of Thrones Locations. http://www.imdb.com [Accessed on 18/04/2015] Jensen, K Jankowski, N. (2002) A Handbook of Qualitative Methodologies for Mass Communication Research. London New York: Routledge. Monaco, J. (2000) How to Read a Film. New York Oxford: Oxford University Press. Nash Information Services, LLC (2015) 28 Weeks Later. http://www.the-numbers.com [Accessed on 13/04/2015] Ocasio, A (2013) ‘The Walking Dead’: Why Frank Darabont Was Fired The Chaotic Aftermath. http://screenrant.com [Accessed on 13/04/2015] Saussure, de, F. (1956) Course in general linguistics. New York: The Philosophical Library. WinterisComing. (2012) The finances of Game of Thrones. http://winteriscoming.net [Accessed on 14/04/15] Appendix I Appendix II Appendix III Appendix IV Appendix V Appendix VI Appendix VII Appendix VIII Back to Top 223974262014/2015Mark Clintworth